The thyroid gland is a butterfly-shaped, hormone-secreting organ located at the front of the neck, in front of the trachea.
Goitre
Abnormal enlargement of the thyroid gland is generally called goitre. Round or elliptical formations in the thyroid gland are called nodules. Nodules may be single or multiple, benign or (rarely) malignant.
Hypothyroidism
This is the condition where the thyroid gland produces insufficient hormones. Fatigue, weight gain, feeling cold, constipation, dry skin and hair loss are the main symptoms. Synthetic thyroid hormone (levothyroxine) is used in treatment.
Hyperthyroidism
This is when the thyroid gland produces excessive hormones. Palpitations, sweating, weight loss, irritability and diarrhoea are common symptoms. Graves' disease is the most common cause. It is treated with antithyroid drugs, radioactive iodine or surgery.
Thyroid Cancer
It is the most common endocrine cancer. There are four main types: papillary, follicular, medullary and anaplastic thyroid cancer. Complete recovery is generally achieved with early diagnosis and surgical treatment.