In men, breasts may enlarge and become prominent due to hormonal causes or excess weight. The enlargement of breast tissue in men due to an imbalance of oestrogen and androgen hormones is called gynecomastia.
Causes
Puberty (physiological), old age, obesity, liver disease, renal failure, hyperthyroidism, certain medications (spironolactone, digoxin, chemotherapy drugs) and anabolic steroid use are among the most common causes.
Symptoms
Swelling, tenderness or pain in the breast area, and palpable breast tissue are the most prominent findings.
Diagnosis
Assessment includes physical examination, hormone levels (testosterone, oestrogen, LH, FSH, prolactin), liver and kidney function tests, and mammography or ultrasound.
Treatment
The underlying cause is treated. Stopping the offending drug is often sufficient in drug-induced cases. Surgical treatment (breast tissue excision or liposuction) may be applied in pathological cases or for cosmetic concerns.